Here is the section with the gaps filled in, to avoid confusion:

There are many sources of knowledge - our parents, our schools, our religious leaders, our sports coaches and music teachers, our friends, others in our society, the media, our own experiences and thoughts:

Ways of Knowing

1. perception
(Our senses give us our observations about the natural world and people)

2. reasoning
(Our own thinking helps us to classify, generalize, and predict)

3. language
(Our language gives us the beliefs and knowledge of our speech community.)

4. emotion
(Our feelings give us self-knowledge and understanding of others.)

How do our ways of knowing lead us to "KNOWLEDGE"?

When you look at the 'things people know' as they are posted on the blog, you can analyse them in terms of these different meanings of the word 'know'. ENGLISH provides distinctions different from those made in many other languages, for example :

· “I KNOW ABOUT... [the French ‘je suis au courant de…’] many things which I do not believe. Information or data is important as justification for well-founded beliefs, but it is not itself KNOWLEDGE

· I KNOW HOW... ! [the French ‘je sais’] to swim, to cook, to use a computer, to get along with others, to think critically... This kind of knowing is SKILL, whether intellectual or practical:

· I KNOW THAT... this is so. [the French ‘Je sais QUE’] This kind of knowledge is PROPOSITlONAL KNOWLEDGE. It consists of knowledge claims which, expressed in language, can be examined and tested for justification and truth.

· I KNOW THIS PERSON OR PLACE... [the French ‘je connais’] This kind of knowing is DIRECT PERSONAL EXPERIENCE, whether of feelings or people or...

One standard definition of KNOWLEDGE is "justified true belief” - and includes ONLY propositional knowledge ("I know that..") It takes the form of claims that can be scrutinized publicly.

1. I believe that...": The claim is accepted, whether with mild indifference or passionateconviction. The strength of the emotion is not what makes a belief into knowledge. ‘Subjective Certainty is no guarantee of objective accuracy’

3. "My belief is true." In this definition of knowledge, the claim must be able to be tested for truth via correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic tests.

2. "My belief is justified.": in this definition of knowledge, only public forms of justification,such as evidence and reasoning, are accepted. The claim can't just be "true belief -sometimes just a lucky accident of guessing right!

"KNOWLEDGE" DOES NOT MEAN "ABSOLUTE CERTAINTY." OUR JUSTIFICATIONS AND TRUTH TESTS ARE NOT PERFECT.